Adjectivul
Adjectivele, in limba engleza , sunt invariabile ( nu se acorda cu substantivele in gen,numar si caz ).
Adjectivele stau inaintea substantivelor (I like Chinese food) sau dupa anumite verbe auxiliare
(to appear, to be, to become, to feel, to get, to look, to keep,to seem, to taste, to make,to smell,to sound,
to turn, to taste).
Desi stau dupa verbe, ele nu descriu verbul si subiectul propozitiei (in majoritatea cazurilor - substantive
sau pronume).
Ex: The examination did not seem difficult.
Your friend looks nice.
Unele din adjectivele care pot sta numai dupa verbele auxiliare: asleep, awake, afraid, alike, alive, alone,
annoyed, difficult, ill, nice, sorry, upset, well
(She is alone.).
Asa cum am mai spus, avem adjective care stau inaintea substantive:
Ex : I like big black dogs.
She was wearing a beautiful long red dress.
Care este ordinea corecta pentru adjective ?
1) Ordinea generala: opinion, fact
Ex : a nice French car (not a French nice car)
"Opinion" este ceea ce crezi despre subiectul propozitiei/frazei .
"Fact" este ceea ce este adevarat despre subiectul propozitiei/fraziei.
2) Ordinea normala a adjectivelor este :
size, age/temperature , shape, colour, material, origin:
Ex : a big, old, square, black, wooden Chinese table
Size : small, little, thiny, big
Age/Temperature : old, new, hot, cold
Shape : round, square
Color : yellow, red, blue
Material : plastic, silver
Origin : Chinese, Romanian, Franch
3) Determiners usually come first, even though they are fact adjectives:
· articles (a, the)
· possessives (my, your...)
· demonstratives (this, that...)
· quantifiers (some, any, few, many...)
· numbers (one, two, three)
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Here is an example with opinion and fact adjectives:
| adjectives |
noun |
deter-
miner |
opinion |
fact |
| age |
shape |
colour |
| two |
nice |
old |
round |
red |
candles |
Cand vrem sa folosim doua adjective care se refera la o culoare folosim and.
Ex: Newspapers are usually black and white.
Gradele de comparative ale adjectivelor :
- gradul pozitiv : arata prezenta normala a unei calitati a obiectelor (fara comparatii)
Ex : She is beautiful.
- gradul comparativ : compara doua sau mai multe obiecte
o in masura egala : comarativul de egalitate : he is as tall as his brother
o in masura inegala :- comparativul de superioritate : he is taller then she.
- compartivul de inferioritate : not as tall as
- gradul superlativ: este de doua feluri : relative(in comparative cu alte elemente)
Ex : The biggeste : Cel mai mare
The smallest = Cel mai mic
The most important = Cel mai important
absolute (fata de el insusi)
Ex : Very gig = Foarte mare
Very small = Foarte mic
Very/Highly important = Foarte important
Comparativul de egalitate se formeaza prin incadrarea adjectivului : as
as
Ex : as tall as = la fel de inalt ca, tot atat de inalt ca
Pentru sens negative : incadram adjectivul in : not as/ so
as
Ex : not as/so tall as = nu atat/ asa de inalt cat/ca
Comparativul de inferioritate se formeaza incadrand adjectivul in expresia :
not so(as)
as sau less
then
Ex : not as tall as/ not so tall as = nu atat de inalt ca
Less tall then = mai putin inalt ca
Atentie la aceste 4 expresii:
So much the better = Cu atat mai bine
So much the worse = Cu atat mai rau
So much the more = Cu atat mai mult
So much the less = Cu atat mai putin
Expresia cu cat..cu atat nu are echivalent in limba engleza.
(Cu cat) mai curand, (cu atat) mai bine = The sooner, the better.
(Cu cat este)casa mai veche, (cu atat este) pretul mai mic. = The older the house,
the smaller the price.
Adjectivele terminate in e mut suprima aceasta vocala inaintea terminatiilor -er , -est .
Ex : large larger the largest
fine finer - the finest
Adjectivele terminate in y precedat de o consoana, schimba pe y in i inaintea lui er si est .
Ex : heavy heavier the heaviest
Adjectivele terminate in y precedat de o vocala raman neschimbate :
Ex : gay gayer the gayest (vesel) Acest adjective este foarte rar folosit in
sensului lui propriu, intrand in raza vulgar a vocabularului.
Adjectivele monosilabice terminate in consoana, o dubleaza la comparative si
la superlative :
Ex: big bigger the biggest
Unele adjective au forme diferite la comparativ si superlativ:
Good better the best = bun(a)
Well better the best = bine
Bad worse the worst = rau
Ill- worst the worst = bolnav
Much more the most = mult(a)
Many more the most = multi(e)
Little less the least = putin
Adjectivele posesive:
Se pun intotdeauna inaintea substantivelor:
My = meu, mea, mei , mele
Your = tau, ta, tai, tale
His = lui, sau, sa, sai, sale, dansului, dumnealui, domniei sale
Her = ei, sau, sa, sai, sale, dansei, dumneaei
Its (pers III neutru) = lui, ei , sau, sa, sai , sale
Our = nostril, nostru, noastra, noastre
Your = vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre, d-voastra
Their = lor, dansilor, danselor, dumnealor
Adjectivele demonstrative:
Pentru apropere:
This = acest, acesta, ast, asta, aceasta, asta
Those = acestia, acesti, asti, astia, aceste, acestea, astea, , aste
Pentru departare:
That = acela, acel, ala, aceea, acea, aia
Those = acei, aceia, ai, aia, acelea, alea
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